The electrochemical reduction of nitrate in strongly alkaline solution has been studied using nickel, lead, zinc and iron cathodes. Zincii phthalocyanine tempoznpc, peripherally functionalized with 2,2,6,6tetramethyl1piperidinyloxy tempo radicals is synthesized and its magneto structural and electrochemical behaviors are investigated. Once in the tetragonal crystal structure, the conduction band filling can be continuously varied i. A new watersoluble zinc phthalocyanine, 2,9,16,23tetrakis41naphthoxy4sulfonic acid sodium salt phthalocyaninato zinc nhtznpc, where nht indicates the naphthoxy4sulfonic acid sodium salt, was synthesized and its electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties. Two new zinc phthalocyanine derivatives bearing four 3,5ditertbutyl4hydroxyphenyl znpc1 and 3,5dimethylphenoxy znpc2 have been synthesized and proved by elemental analyses and uvvis, 1h. The absorption, fluorescence, and electrochemical properties were also studied. Submitted to rhodes university in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of. The electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of mononuclear, binuclear and tetranuclear zinc neopentoxysubstituted phthalocyanines are presented. Aggregation diminishes the photosensitizing ability of metallophthalocyanine mpc complexes.
The journal of physical chemistry a 20, 117 44, 1124611253. Ground and excited states of zinc phthalocyanine studied by density functional methods. An introduction to electrochemistry pdf 577p this note covers the following topics. Electrochemistry of cofacial phthalocyanine polymers. Sonmez arslan and ismail yilmaz, synthesis, electrochemistry, and in situ spectroelectrochemistry of a new watersoluble zinc phthalocyanine substituted with naphthoxy4sulfonic acid sodium salt, transition metal chemistry, 10. The binuclear and tetranuclear species show two oxidation waves to the radical cation indicating the existence of stable mixedvalence, halfoxidized species. A znpc with d 2h symmetry thus obtained has been characterized by nmr, absorption, fluorescence emission and excitation and magnetic circular dichroism mcd spectroscopy, together with differential pulse voltammetry. Zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid, tetrasodium salt was prepared by a process similar to that described by griffiths and coworkers. However, in the presence of cu i ions, the formation of a soluble complex was observed. Electrochemistry is the science which deals with the consequences of the transfer of electric charge from one phase to another. Unsymmetrically substituted zinc phthalocyanine complexes synthesized by ring expansion of the subphthalocyanine subpc, are photostable, show at least three redox process and give relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yields. Fundamentals of electrochemistry university of guelph. Green photoluminescence was observed in dilute solutions.
Dumbbellshaped donoracceptor material based on zinc. Electrochemistry is the study of production of electricity from energy released during spontaneous chemical reactions and the use of electrical energy. Electrochemistry some key topics conduction metallic electrolytic electrolysis effect and stoichiometry galvanic cell electrolytic cell electromotive force potential in volts electrode potentials gibbs free energy gibbs free energy and equilibrium concentration effects, nernst equation types of cells key concept of chapter. Dualpurpose zinc and silicon complexes of 1,2,3triazole. Most reliable data on phthalocyanine electrochemistry describe this second oxidation as purely ligand based. Synthesis, electrochemical and photochemical properties of unsymmetrically substituted zinc phthalocyanine complexes. In addition, my great appreciation goes to thabang. Text book of electrochemistry pdf 364p this note covers the following topics. Femtosecond transient absorption, raman, and electrochemistry studies of.
The resulting phthalocyanine was an insoluble aggregate. Lecture 1 5703 8 5703 gibbs function and work start with the first law of thermodynamics and some standard thermodynamic relations. Quaternation of zinc bis1,4didecylbenzobis3,4pyridoporphyrazine and zinc bis1,4didecylbenzo. Pdf electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of. A novel tetrasubstituted zinc phthalocyanine 4 znpcnhcoch2peg5nh2 was synthesized from 4nitrophthalonitrile by using a fourstep procedure. Electrochemistry notes loudoun county public schools.
Text book of electrochemistry pdf 364p download book. Janah shaya,samir marzouk, b heinrich, j e khiari and stephane mery. Campus for offering me your laboratory to run electrochemistry studies. The electronic spectra of the half and fully oxidized species are presented and.
An electrochemical reaction is a heterogeneous process which involves electron transfer across a phase boundary or interface. Three tertbutoxy groups, which act as electron releasing push, enhance the solubility of phthalocyanine in common organic solvents and reduce the aggregation. Tempoznpc shows multielectron ring based reduction reactions and a tempo based oxidation reaction. Read synthesis, characterization and electrochemistry of novel unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanines sensitizer with extended conjugation, journal of molecular structure on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at.
The electrical properties of these materials are very important due to their wide range of applications in molecular eectronics and in. Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical studies ali erdogmus and. Sulfonated or carboxy zinc phthalocyanine complexes are watersoluble but form aggregates in solution. The redox potentials of zincsubstituted phthalocyanines are shown to be linearly dependent on the total hammett substituent constant.
The electrochemical series is extremely useful for predicting the chemical behaviour of an element. Zinc phthalocyanine an overview sciencedirect topics. New soluble methylendioxyphenoxysubstituted zinc phthalocyanine derivatives. Electrochemistry is the study of reactions in which charged particles ions or electrons cross the interface between two phases of matter, typically a metallic phase the electrode. A new zinc phthalocyaninate, bearing four flexible phenanthroline. Functional solitare and transhybrids, the synthesis. These two portions of the cell are also called halfcells or redox couples. The primary measurement in electrochemistry is the voltage v of an electrochemical cell. Sigmaaldrich offers a number of zinc phthalocyanine products. Shuxi dai,a,b yinyong li, a, zuliang du, b and kenneth r. The compound has been characterized by uvvisible, fluorescence, ir, 1h nmr spectra and malditof ms, and the satisfactory result has been obtained. Novel peripherally and nonperipherally 6oxyflavone. An electropositive element will displace a less electropositive element from a solution of its ions e.
Electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of polynuclear zinc phthalocyanines. Electrochemical deposition of zno hierarchical nanostructures from hydrogel coated electrodes. An efficient method is reported for the preparation of metallophthalocyanines mtpcs with d 2h symmetry disubstituted type. However, this rule can be broken owing to surface films preventing attack. In this study, novel tetrasubstituted zincii, cobaltii and metal free phthalocyanines containing 6hydroxyflavonoxy moieties at peripheral and nonperipheral positions have been prepared. In order to increase the species of organic semiconductors, new znphthalocyaninesbased organic materials were synthesized and characterized.
Synthesis, electrochemical and photochemical properties of. The electrochemistry and spectroslectrochemistry of mononuclear, binuclear and tetranuclear zinc neopentoxysubstituted phthalocyanines are presented. Electrochemical and optical characterization of cobalt, copper and zinc phthalocyanine complexes article pdf available in journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology 6. Most importantly, this compound is soluble in many solvents including. Intermolecular interaction as the origin of red shifts in absorption spectra of zincphthalocyanine from firstprinciples. Fundamental physical and chemical conceptions, older electrochemical views, the laws of avogadro and vant hoff, vapour pressure of solutions, boiling point and freezing point of solutions, general conditions of equilibrium, velocity of reaction, electrolytes, electrolytic dissociation, conductivity of electrolytes. The new compounds have been characterized by 1 h and c using nmr, ftir, and uvvis. The synthesis of a zinc phthalocyanine pc bearing four phenoxyl substituents was described and its molecular structure was fully characterized by 1 h nmr, ms, elemental analysis, uvvis and ir, which were consistent with the proposed structure. Electrochemistry is the study of reactions in which charged particles ions or electrons cross the interface between two phases of matter, typically a metallic phase the electrode and a conductive solution, or electrolyte.
Photobleaching efficiency parallels the enhancement of membrane damage for porphyrazine photosensitizers. We find and therefore, the gibbs function is at the heart of electrochemistry, for it identifies the amount of work we can extract electrically from a system. A new watersoluble zinc phthalocyanine, 2,9,16,23tetrakis41naphthoxy4sulfonic acid sodium salt phthalocyaninato zinc nhtznpc, where nht indicates the naphthoxy4sulfonic acid sodium salt, was synthesized and its electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties were investigated in dmso solution. Search results for zinc phthalocyanine at sigmaaldrich. Dumbbellshaped donoracceptor material based on zinc phthalocyanine 5 th world congress on smart and emerging materials april 1920, 2018 dubai, uae. Phthalocyanineazacrown etherc60 system 1 was synthesized through a coupling8 between the carboxypropyl1phenyl6,6c619 and the unsymmetrical phthalocyanine. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemistry of novel. The binuclear and tetranuclear species show two oxidation waves to the radical cation indicating the existence of stable mixed valence, halfoxidized species. Phthalocyanine azacrown fullerene multicomponent system. A silicon phthalocyanine and a silicon naphthalocyanine. The electrochemical deposition of zno hierarchical nanostructures directly from phema hydrogel coated electrodes has been successfully demonstrated. Coating a nickel sponge electrode with phthalocyanine renders it less active toward nitrate reduction, while iron electrodes appear to be activated.
Matias, koiti araki, erica liandrasalvador, felipe c. Upon reduction, an electroactive film of the zinc ii phthalocyanine is formed at the surface of the electrode, due to the reduction of the nmethylpyridinium groups which induces the formation of. Pdf electrochemical and optical characterization of. Intermediate formation of nitrite ion and ammonia product was observed for all electrode materials.
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